Hardscape: A Guide to the Best Vivarium Hardscape Materials
Central to designing a vivarium is the incorporation of hardscape. Hardscape refers to the "hard" items that you use to "scape" with, such as rocks and wood. These elements not only contribute to the visual appeal of the vivarium but also play a vital role in providing naturalistic structures, hiding spots, and climbing opportunities for the inhabitants.
In this guide, we will explore various types of hardscape materials and their significance in creating a natural and functional vivarium.
Driftwood and Branches
Driftwood and branches are popular hardscape choices in vivariums. Different types of wood, such as mopani and manzanita, offer very different sizes, shapes, and textures. When selecting wood, it's important to consider appropriate sizes and durability. Sturdy branches are essential to support the weight of climbing animals and prevent potential hazards.
Driftwood and branches provide climbing surfaces and perching spots for arboreal inhabitants. They also serve as natural hiding places, promoting the animals' sense of security and natural behavior. The irregular shapes and branching structures of these materials contribute to the visual interest and create a more naturalistic environment.
These are some of my favorites to use:
Ghost wood
Ghost wood is a beautiful and popular wood for vivariums. When dry it has a light tan color, and in wet conditions it becomes a deep, rich brown. It thrives in both arid and humid environments, making it a versatile choice.
Manzanita
It is known for its unique and intricate shapes. The wood is extremely lightweight, easy to work with, and holds up well in most vivarium conditions, making it a popular choice among vivarium enthusiasts.
Mangrove Root
Mangrove root has an intricate, gnarled appearance that provides lots of climbing opportunities. Since it’s not power washed, it offers a unique texture that enhances its aesthetic. It is durable and resistant to decay, making it suitable for humid setups.
Malaysian Driftwood
Malaysian driftwood is a staple in the hobby because of its durability and visually appealing looks. It holds up really well underwater, so it’s perfect for high humidity vivariums and paludariums.
Mopani
Mopani is a dense wood that sinks in water. It is highly durable and suitable for any application. If used in a water feature, boiling it can help extract tannins that will darken the water. Due to its weight, be cautious when using it on custom backgrounds.
Cork Bark Flats and Tubes
Cork bark is a popular hardscape element that provides a range of benefits in vivarium design. It’s lightweight, highly textured, doesn’t rot in most or even wet conditions.
Cork bark provides natural hiding places for animals, simulating the protective cover of fallen trees or crevices in their native habitats. The textured surface of cork allows climbing species to grip and explore, promoting their natural behavior. Cork tubes can be utilized as tunnels, creating additional pathways and hiding spots.
Cork bark is also one of my favorite materials to use for backgrounds. I use generous amounts of cork bark flats combined together, and fill in the gaps with expanding foam. The beauty of cork bark lies in its versatility—multiple pieces can be combined together to craft stunning designs that are not only visually appealing but also highly functional.
Cork Bark Flats
Cork bark flats have natural curves that add depth and dimension to any vivarium background. Their texture provides a natural feel, making it an excellent material for plants and animals to explore and climb.
Cork Bark Tubes
Cork bark tubes are an ideal choice for creating hiding spots that provide comfort to animals. Use multiple tubes to give the vivarium inhabitants plenty of options for hiding and climbing.
Rocks and Stones
Rocks and stones are versatile hardscape elements commonly used in vivarium design. They come in various forms, including natural rocks like lava rock and lace rock, as well as decorative stones such as river rocks.
Natural rocks provide climbing opportunities for inhabitants, and when safely stacked together can also serve as hiding spots, allowing animals to retreat and feel secure. Decorative stones add aesthetic value to the vivarium, enhancing its visual appeal.
While incorporating rocks, keep in mind their weight. You would be surprised how fast their weight adds up, even with small rocks. So, if you anticipate any future relocations or adjustments, considering the weight of rocks will save you from breaking your back.
Lace rock
Lace rock is a highly porous volcanic rock that is excellent to use because of its relatively light weight, and comes in many interesting shapes and sizes. It’s also one of the more inexpensive rocks available.
Lava Rock
Lava rock is another volcanic rock that is known for its lightweight, porous nature. Available in various colors such as reds, browns, and blacks. I prefer to use the black so it doesn’t draw too much attention.
Pumice
Yet another volcanic rock, pumice (are you noticing a theme yet?). Pumice is so lightweight, that you can even use it for backgrounds if secured properly. All of these porous rocks are great for plants to climb.
River Stones
River stones is a general term that refers to a diverse group of stones that have been worn and rounded by the action of moving water. Use a variety of sizes in a water feature for a more natural feel.
Where to buy your hardscape
When it comes to buying hardscape materials for your vivarium, there are a few options to consider. If you have nearby aquarium and reptile stores, I highly recommend checking them out in person. The benefit of purchasing in-store is that you can see the size and unique shapes of the hardscape materials firsthand, allowing you to select the perfect pieces for your vivarium design.
However, if you don't have any local options, ordering online is another viable choice. This is especially convenient for smaller filler pieces where the specific size and shape may not be as crucial, since you won’t have the opportunity to inspect the items before purchasing.
Placement and Arrangement of Hardscape
The placement and arrangement of hardscape elements play a crucial role in creating a balanced design. Vivarium design deserves a course of its own, but for now let’s keep it simple by considering the following aspects:
Creating different levels and dimensions within the vivarium adds visual interest and provides opportunities for animals to explore their environment. Incorporating elevated platforms, branches, or rocks can offer climbing opportunities and create distinct microhabitats.
Mimicking natural landscapes, such as slopes, caves, or ledges, helps recreate the natural habitats of the inhabitants. It adds realism and provides a more enriching environment for them to thrive.
Consider the needs and behaviors of the vivarium's inhabitants when arranging hardscape elements. For example, arboreal species will benefit from vertically oriented structures, while terrestrial species may prefer ground-level hides and tunnels
Avoid sharp edges or unstable structures that could potentially harm the animals. Smooth any sharp edges and secure the hardscape elements firmly to prevent accidents.
To sum it up
In the realm of vivarium design, hardscape choices offer a canvas for creativity and experimentation. By carefully selecting the right materials, replicating natural habitats, and considering the needs of the inhabitants, one can create a beautiful and functional vivarium that nurtures and supports the organisms within.
Whether you are building a vivarium for reptiles, amphibians, or invertebrates, hardscape plays a pivotal role in recreating a natural environment and providing a stimulating and enriching space. Unleash your creativity and craft a vivarium that not only captivates the eyes but also provides a thriving habitat for its inhabitants.
Remember, the world of vivariums is ever-evolving, so stay curious, explore new ideas, and continue to learn and adapt as you create vivariums that bridge the gap between nature and your own imagination.
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